Let's get ready for some football!
One of my favorite sports is American football; it's strategic, physical, and wild! As a fan - and once high school player - of the sport, I've gained some valuable lessons from my experiences. For example, I've learned that "persistence is key", "giving up is for losers", and that "water sucks, Gatorade is better."
While those are fine gems of wisdom, today we'll be covering one of the most overlooked teachings in football: the power of Command pattern.
The Command design pattern intends to separate and decouple an object of invocation from the object that receives the message of invocation. We will encapsulate all pertinent information of a method and execute the method at a later time. Essentially, the Command pattern gives us the ability to queue a series of operations for a later time. Let's dig in.
Put me in, Coach!
Let's start by creating a BostonNarwin class from which our
football players will inherit from.
# football.rb
class BostonNarwin
attr_reader :action
def initialize(action)
@action = action
end
def name
self.class
end
end
Next, we'll need some key players; let's create Quarterback and Receiver classes.
For fun, we're going to add a TeamOwner class too.
All three of these classes are going to possess a method called #execute.
Each of these classes can be considered as instances of separate commands.
# football.rb
class Quarterback < BostonNarwin
attr_reader :path, :play
def initialize(path, play)
super 'Hut! Hut! Red 19! Red 19! Hike!'
@path = path
@play = play
end
def execute
file = File.open path, 'w'
file.write "#{name}: #{play}\n"
file.close
end
end
class Receiver < BostonNarwin
attr_reader :path, :play
def initialize(path, play)
super 'Run, run, run!!!'
@path = path
@play = play
end
def execute
file = File.open path, 'a'
file.write "#{name}: #{play}\n"
file.close
end
end
class TeamOwner < BostonNarwin
attr_reader :path, :target
def initialize(path, target)
super "We are moving the team from #{prettify path} to #{prettify target}!"
@path = path
@target = target
end
def execute
FileUtils.mv path, target
file = File.open target, 'a'
file.write "#{name}: We moved from #{prettify path} to #{prettify target}!"
file.close
end
def prettify(pathname)
(pathname.chomp File.extname(pathname)).capitalize
end
end
Next, let's create a class that keeps track of the Quarterback, Receiver, and
TeamOwner commands. We can use the
Composite pattern
to create this new class.
# football.rb
class CompositeCommand < BostonNarwin
attr_accessor :commands
def initialize
@commands = []
end
def add_command(*args)
args.each { |arg| commands << arg }
end
def execute
commands.each { |command| command.execute }
end
end
Now, we can kickoff some football commands!
load 'football.rb'
quarterback = Quarterback.new('boston.txt', 'I'm going to throw a perfect pass!')
# => #<Quarterback:0x007ff6f5c5c148
@action="Hut! Hut! Red 19! Red 19! Hike!",
@path="boston.txt",
@play="I'm going to throw a perfect pass!">
receiver = Receiver.new('boston.txt', 'I'm going to catch the ball!')
# => #<Receiver:0x007ff6f5c949f8
@action="Run, run, run!!!",
@path="boston.txt",
@play="I'm going to catch the ball!">
team_owner = TeamOwner.new('boston.txt', 'somerville.txt')
# => #<TeamOwner:0x007ff6f5ccd028
@action="We are moving the team from Boston to Somerville!",
@path="boston.txt",
@target="somerville.txt">
Great! Now we'll create an instance of the CompositeCommand, add
each sub-command with #add_command, and then execute each command
with #execute.
command = CompositeCommand.new
# => #<CompositeCommand:0x007ff6f5b82948 @commands=[]>
command.add_command quarterback, receiver, team_owner
# => [#<Quarterback:0x007ff6f5c5c148
@action="Hut! Hut! Red 19! Red 19! Hike!",
@path="boston.txt",
@play="I'm going to throw a perfect pass!">,
#<Receiver:0x007ff6f5c949f8
@action="Run, run, run!!!",
@path="boston.txt",
@play="I'm going to catch the ball!">,
#<TeamOwner:0x007ff6f5ccd028
@action="We are moving the team from Boston to Somerville!",
@path="boston.txt",
@target="somerville.txt">]
command.execute
# ... Omitted for brevity ...
exit
Finally, let's list out the files in our current directory and view the contents of our recently created text file.
$ ls
# => football.rb somerville.txt
$ less somerville.txt
# => Quarterback: I'm going to throw a perfect pass!
Receiver: I'm going to catch the ball!
TeamOwner: We moved from Boston to Somerville!
Wow! The Command pattern in action!
Discussion
The Command pattern suggests that we create objects that perform
specific tasks and actions. For our example, the Quarterback object
created a file, the Receiver appended to the file, and the TeamOwner
object moved it. Each of the command objects completed their action
through CompositeCommand#execute.
Having one object, an instance of CompositeCommand, that executes all
stored commands presents us with solutions ranging from simple file
manipulation to user triggered interaction. The Command pattern
also allows us to "store" and "remember" commands prior to and after
execution.
Hope you enjoyed our example and go Boston Narwins!
